John GribbinIn Search of Schrödinger's Cat: Quantum Physics and Reality

In Search of Schrödinger’s Cat is one of the more accessible books on quantum physics. Quantum physics, which deal with the properties of subatomic particles, is based on fairly esoteric experiments and somewhat opaque mathematical formulae. Even more than the theory of relativity, it is for the experts. Relativity sort of makes sense. Quantum mechanics does not.Gribbin explains things pretty well: that many of these subatomic particles are both waves and particles. One could say that they have the properties of both a tiny object and a wave, but they do not necessarily have both properties at the same time. Instead of traditional Newtonian mechanics which are described by fairly clear mathematics, in quantum mechanics “events are governed by probabilities.” (2) Hence the paradox of Schrödinger’s cat, there is a 50-50 chance it is dead or alive, but we do not know till we open the box. Indeed, Niels Bohr, one of the pioneers of both relativity and quantum physics said. “Anyone who is not shocked by quantum theory has not understood it.” (5)Much of In Search of Schrödinger’s Cat is the history of the main discoveries of quantum mechanics. It seems like just about everyone named in the book has won a Nobel Prize unless they died young. This helps us see how we arrived at where we are and what the different researchers were looking for or what they discovered. One great ironic/paradoxical sentence: “In 1906 J. J. Thomson had received the Nobel Prize for proving that electrons are particles; in 1937 he saw his son awarded the Nobel Prize for proving that electrons are waves. Both father and son were correct, and both awards were fully merited.” (91)Some connections were made because someone had studied esoteric mathematics in his past. So Max Born discovered some of the strange properties of quanta because he had studied matrices in college. At the time, matrices were interesting mathematical constructions developed in calculus but had no known practical application. Now they do. As in a matrix the numbers may not be commutative—that is, 3 + 2 might not equal 2 + 3—so it is with properties of certain quanta.Gribbin notes: "Wave mechanics is no more a guide to the reality of the atomic world than matrix mechanics, but unlike matrix mechanics, wave mechanics gives us an illusion of something familiar and comfortable." (117)We finally get to the main observation concerning probabilities and particles. "It is a cardinal rule of quantum mechanics that in principle it is impossible to measure certain pairs of properties, including position/momentum, simultaneously." (121)While this does sort of make sense since quanta are both waves (with motion) and particles (in a position), Gribbin’s conclusion? “There is not absolute truth at the quantum level.” (120) Is he absolutely sure about that?Gribbin notes that quantum mechanics explains why the sun shines, when according to “classical theory” it cannot. (Kind of like bees flying…) When he quotes Heisenberg as saying “We cannot know as a matter of principle the present in all its details,” Gribbin states: "This is where quantum theory cuts free from the determinacy of classical ideas. To Newton it would be possible to predict the entire course of the future if we knew the position and momentum of every particle in the universe; to the modern physicist, the idea of such a perfect prediction is meaningless because we cannot even know the position and momentum of even one [Gribbin’s italics] particle precisely." (157)Gribbin notes perhaps the greatest curiosity about quantum physics, that particles like electrons seem to change their properties or state when they are being observed. "In quantum physics the observer interacts with the system to such an extent that the system cannot be thought of having an independent existence. By choosing to measure position more precisely, we force a particle to develop more uncertainty in its momentum, and vice versa." (160)Gribbin tells us that to him the best way to explain this is that there are multiple universes in different dimensions that intersect with each other. To his credit, Gribbin does not bring personal beliefs like these until the last chapter, and he is direct about it, even admitting that it sounds more like science fiction. So we get to see the discoveries of the mysteries of quantum physics without much getting in the way other than the mystery itself. He understands that the reader might not see things his way, but he sees his multiverse hypothesis at least as good as any of the others. Also, unlike many scientists in academia, he is not afraid to mention the anthropic principle.This reviewer recognizes that unless I go back to school, I will never have a completely clear understanding of quantum physics, but In Search of Schrödinger’s Cat is about the best introduction to the subject that I have read (and I have tried a few).

Gribben's a great writer, and he provides a whole lot here to give an excellent overview of quantum physics, concentrating on the history, persons involved, their contributions, and a bit of bio about most. No math to get in your way, and as always, you're not going to get complete understanding without the math, but you'll get a good grasp of the basics. That said, the "how" of how particular physicists figured out what they figured out is often missing, but realistically, including all that would make this book ten times as long. And here and there, particularly toward the end, non-scientists may not be fully able to understand what he's attempting to explain, but... I'd always rather that scientific books be a little beyond me than behind me. If you're looking for one read to provide an overview of this complex subject, I highly recommend this one.

A real person with expertise in physics, philosophy, and life wrote this excellent book. I'm on my second time through and I pick up something valuable every time I pick it up. This may end up being part of my daily reading list.

This book is an excellent history, state and the arguments around Quantum Physics. However there is one area where I disagree on page 236 He states "By definition, the universe is self-contained. It includes everything, so there is no outside observer who notices the existence of the universe and thereby collapses its complex web of interacting alternative realities into one wave function." As a believer I would disagree such an entity would have to be named God.Gribbin, John. In Search of Schrodinger's Cat (p. 236). Random House Publishing Group. Kindle Edition.

If you have the personality type such that you like science. (You know who you are.) And I mean actual science, not new age pseudoscience, then I dare say that this is the best book you'll ever read. Gribbon brings history to life without undue bias and presents important yet complicated issues in simple language without getting bogged down in the minutia. Gribbon, a science whiz himself, led the pack when he wrote that he subscribed to Everett's Many World's interpretation rather than Bohr's Copenhagen Interpretation, (a sentiment I shared). Today, most physicists seem to have climbed aboard the same train of thought, abandoning Bohr's problematic collapsing probability waves in favor of Everett's multiple and alternate timelines of reality. (Multiple universes aren't parallel, they're perpendicular, at dimentional right angles to each other). This is not a pseudoscience book written by a scientific illiterate who worships mystery and talks about increasing your "frequency" with positive thinking; it's a brilliant book written by a masterful scientific mind about historic scientific discovery and the flesh and blood beings behind these feats of brilliance that changed our modern world forever.

Good book. I used it to teach my class "Revolutions of 20th Century Physics." My only complaint is that the author gets a little opinionated at times and you can tell what ideas and ways of thinking he looks down upon. Overall, though, this book is a great introduction to the history of modern physics and covers current ideas and the philosophy of the "new physics" more than other historical books.

Pushes the reader to confront the ways in which the quantum understanding of the world is at odds with intuition based on macroscopic events and clearly illustrates the validity of the quantum view. Written in the 80s, it is definitely dated. But the conclusions hold up well as far as they go and the quality of writing makes it remain worthwhile.

This is the best introduction to quantum mechanics for the general public. Great gift for everyone that is curious about the mysteries of our world or has a philosophical mind set.

❤️

The book in good used condition and it is a brilliant book - very thorough